Whats is IP Address?

What is IP:

IP stands for Internet Protocol
IP works something like the postal system.
It allows you to address a packet and drop it in the system, but there's no direct link between you and the recipient.
TCP/IP, on the other hand, establishes a connection between two hosts so that they can send data to the destination and reply back to the source.

Properties of IP Address:

32 Binary bit number
Represented in Decimal number system
32 bits are divided into four equal parts
Each part contains 8 binary bit and known as octet. Octets are separated by dot (.)
Known as logical address
Can uniquely identify a device in a Network
Consists with two (02) Parts (Network & Host)

Example 01:

Example 02: 172.16.254.1

Fig: IPv4 Address Format (Dotted-Decimal Notation)There are Five (05) Classes of IPv4 Addresses:

Class A
Class B
Class C
Class D
Class E

Types of IP Address:

There are two (02) types of IP Address:

Public IP

Public IP Address is any valid Address, or Number, that can be accessed over the Internet.
Most of the Addresses in the IP Address range are Public IP Address.
A host using a Public IP Address can be accessed by any other host in the Internet

Private IP

Private IP address is any number or address assigned to a device on a Private TCP/IP LAN that is accessible only within the LAN.
These addresses cannot be accessed directly by other hosts in the Internet.
Used by hosts that requires limited or no Internet access.

Range of Private IP addresses:

Network bit and Host bit:

32 bits of an IP address are divided into two parts and known as network bit and host bit. The left side bits of an IP address are known as network bit and the right side bits are known as host bit.

Classful vs. Classless IP Addresses:

Subnet Mask:

Calculate No of Host:

For a Class C IP Address (192.168.10.0/24)

Network Bits = 24
Host Bits = 32 – Network Bits
= 32 – 24
= 8

No. of valid Host = 2ⁿ – 2 [ Where n= No. of Host Bits]

= 2⁸ – 2
= 256 – 2
= 254

IP and Subnet Calculations

Network Address (NA): All Network Bits will be remain same, All Host Bits will be 0.
Broadcast Address (BA): All Network Bits will be remain same, All Host Bits will be 1.
Subnet Mask (SM): All Network Bits will be 1, All Host Bits will be 0.
Wildcard Mask (WM): All Network Bits will be 0, All Host Bits will be 1.

Binary and Decimal Conversion Chart:

Exercise 01:

Find out the followings for 192.168.1.1/24:

· Network Address (NA)
· Fast Host (FH)
· Last Host (LH)
· Subnet Mask (SM)
· Wildcard Mask (WM)
· Broadcast Address (BA)

Network Address (NA): All Network Bits will be remain same, All Host Bits will be 0.

You know in Class C, 1st three octets are network bit (24 bits) & 4th octet is host bit (8 bits)

Fast Host: 192.168.1.1

Last Host: 192.168.1.254

Subnet Mask (SM): All Network Bits will be 1, All Host Bits will be 0.

Wildcard Mask (WM): All Network Bits will be 0, All Host Bits will be 1

Broadcast Address (BA): All Network Bits will be remain same, All Host Bits will be 1.

Exercise 02:

Find out the followings for 118.179.10.58/29:

· Network Address (NA)
· Fast Host (FH)
· Last Host (LH)
· Subnet Mask (SM)
· Wildcard Mask (WM)
· Broadcast Address (BA)

Network Address (NA): All Network Bits will be remain same, All Host Bits will be 0.

You know (118.179.10.58/29), this is a classless IP. Same time you have to notice the notation /29 which means there are total network bit= 24 + 5 =29 and host bit = 3

Host Bits = 32 – Network Bits

= 32-29

No. of valid Host = 2ⁿ – 2 [ Where n= No. of Host Bits]

= 2³ – 2 = 6